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MBR membrane
The working principle of the reverse osmosis membrane
by：Lvyuan Filter
2021-01-22
Reverse osmosis membrane separation technology is the use of the principle of reverse osmosis membrane separation, specific characteristics are as follows:
1, under the condition of normal temperature does not occur, can be carried out on the solute and water separation, suitable for the separation of heat sensitive material, enrichment, and compared with phase change separation methods, low energy consumption.
2, wide scope of RO reverse osmosis membrane separation technology to remove impurities.
3, high desalination rate and water powerusageeffectiveness back, can intercept the solute size of more than a few nanometers.
osmosis pretreatment purpose and consider factors using reverse osmosis systems, especially raw water pretreatment should be paid attention to. In order to avoid jams reverse osmosis system, raw water should be well-prepared to eliminate the suspended solids in the water, reduce the turbidity of water; In addition, still should undertake sterilization to prevent microbial NieSheng grow up.
1, the introduction of reverse osmosis
( ReverseOsmosis） Reverse osmosis technology is the use of differential pressure gauge for dynamic membrane filtration technology, originated in the us aerospace science and technology research in the 1960 s, after gradually into civil, has been widely used in scientific research, medicine, food, beverage, water desalination, etc.
reverse osmosis membrane pore size is small to nanoscale ( Nano = 10 to 1 9 meters) Can, under certain pressure, H2O molecules through the RO membrane, and the source water of inorganic salt, heavy metal ions, organic matter, colloid, bacteria, viruses and other impurities through the RO membrane, which can be through the water and can't through the enrichment of water strictly separated.
the membrane filtered water conductivity 5 s/cm, conform to the national laboratory level 3 water standard. Through the atomic ion exchange column loop filter, water resistivity can reach 18. 2M. Cm, more than national laboratory water level standard ( GB682— 92). 。
2, the basic principle of reverse osmosis
when the pure water and brine is separated by a semipermeable membrane is ideal, the ideal semi-permeable membrane allows only by and prevent salt by water, the membrane water of pure water side will spontaneously through a semipermeable membrane into the salt water on one side, this phenomenon is called osmosis, if put pressure on the salt water side of the membrane, then the spontaneous flow of water is restrained and slow down, when the pressure reaches a certain value, net flows of water through the membrane is equal to zero, the pressure is called osmotic pressure, when in film brine lateral pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure, the flow of water will be reversed, at this point, the water in the salt water will flow into the water, the above phenomenon is the reverse osmosis water ( RO） The basic principle of treatment.
as the reverse osmosis is very tall to the requirement of suspended matter in raw water, so common a kind of pollution index of water quality of polluted by suspended solids come to test the water quality. This method is essentially determined by reverse osmosis system fouling of suspended solids in water. Into the reverse osmosis system of water pollution index with no more than 5 advisable, suggested values generally less than 3. Pretreatment of water should be taken into account when the pH value. Various membrane has its optimum operating pH value, for according to the requirements of reverse osmosis membrane, adjust the pH value of water. The temperature of the water should be taken into account when the preprocessing. Of the membrane flux is increased with the increasing of temperature, but the temperature is too high will speed up the hydrolysis of cellulose acetate membrane, and the organic film become soft, easy to compaction. So, for organic membrane, usually about 20 - to control the temperature Within the scope of 40 ℃ advisable, composite membrane temperature control in about 5 - It is advisable to 45 ℃ range.
reverse osmosis ( RO) Very dense, for viruses, and bacteria has a very high removal rate, at least more than 3 log ( Removal rate & gt; 99. 9%) 。 But also must pay attention to is that in many cases, the film is produced water side still may appear microbial breeding, again depending on the assembly, the monitoring and maintenance way, that is, a system of key depends on the ability of removing microbes proper system design, operation and management rather than the nature of the membrane element itself.
1, under the condition of normal temperature does not occur, can be carried out on the solute and water separation, suitable for the separation of heat sensitive material, enrichment, and compared with phase change separation methods, low energy consumption.
2, wide scope of RO reverse osmosis membrane separation technology to remove impurities.
3, high desalination rate and water powerusageeffectiveness back, can intercept the solute size of more than a few nanometers.
osmosis pretreatment purpose and consider factors using reverse osmosis systems, especially raw water pretreatment should be paid attention to. In order to avoid jams reverse osmosis system, raw water should be well-prepared to eliminate the suspended solids in the water, reduce the turbidity of water; In addition, still should undertake sterilization to prevent microbial NieSheng grow up.
1, the introduction of reverse osmosis
( ReverseOsmosis） Reverse osmosis technology is the use of differential pressure gauge for dynamic membrane filtration technology, originated in the us aerospace science and technology research in the 1960 s, after gradually into civil, has been widely used in scientific research, medicine, food, beverage, water desalination, etc.
reverse osmosis membrane pore size is small to nanoscale ( Nano = 10 to 1 9 meters) Can, under certain pressure, H2O molecules through the RO membrane, and the source water of inorganic salt, heavy metal ions, organic matter, colloid, bacteria, viruses and other impurities through the RO membrane, which can be through the water and can't through the enrichment of water strictly separated.
the membrane filtered water conductivity 5 s/cm, conform to the national laboratory level 3 water standard. Through the atomic ion exchange column loop filter, water resistivity can reach 18. 2M. Cm, more than national laboratory water level standard ( GB682— 92). 。
2, the basic principle of reverse osmosis
when the pure water and brine is separated by a semipermeable membrane is ideal, the ideal semi-permeable membrane allows only by and prevent salt by water, the membrane water of pure water side will spontaneously through a semipermeable membrane into the salt water on one side, this phenomenon is called osmosis, if put pressure on the salt water side of the membrane, then the spontaneous flow of water is restrained and slow down, when the pressure reaches a certain value, net flows of water through the membrane is equal to zero, the pressure is called osmotic pressure, when in film brine lateral pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure, the flow of water will be reversed, at this point, the water in the salt water will flow into the water, the above phenomenon is the reverse osmosis water ( RO） The basic principle of treatment.
as the reverse osmosis is very tall to the requirement of suspended matter in raw water, so common a kind of pollution index of water quality of polluted by suspended solids come to test the water quality. This method is essentially determined by reverse osmosis system fouling of suspended solids in water. Into the reverse osmosis system of water pollution index with no more than 5 advisable, suggested values generally less than 3. Pretreatment of water should be taken into account when the pH value. Various membrane has its optimum operating pH value, for according to the requirements of reverse osmosis membrane, adjust the pH value of water. The temperature of the water should be taken into account when the preprocessing. Of the membrane flux is increased with the increasing of temperature, but the temperature is too high will speed up the hydrolysis of cellulose acetate membrane, and the organic film become soft, easy to compaction. So, for organic membrane, usually about 20 - to control the temperature Within the scope of 40 ℃ advisable, composite membrane temperature control in about 5 - It is advisable to 45 ℃ range.
reverse osmosis ( RO) Very dense, for viruses, and bacteria has a very high removal rate, at least more than 3 log ( Removal rate & gt; 99. 9%) 。 But also must pay attention to is that in many cases, the film is produced water side still may appear microbial breeding, again depending on the assembly, the monitoring and maintenance way, that is, a system of key depends on the ability of removing microbes proper system design, operation and management rather than the nature of the membrane element itself.
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