What are the main types of filter membranes for water purifiers?

From the perspective of filtration technology, it is mainly divided into nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, sodium filtration, and reverse osmosis technology. Among them: 1. Microfiltration (MF): The filtration accuracy is generally 0.1-50 microns, such as various common PP filter elements, activated carbon filter elements, ceramic filter elements, etc., all belong to the category of microfiltration, which is used for simple coarse filtration, filtering mud in water. Large particles of impurities such as sand and rust cannot remove harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, organic matter and heavy metal ions in water. Usually cannot be cleaned, it is a one-time filter material and needs to be replaced frequently. 1) PP cotton filter element: generally only used for coarse filtration with low requirements to remove large particles such as sediment and rust in water. 2) Activated carbon: Granular activated carbon filter is a widely sold device in the United States. It is enough to eliminate odor and chlorine in water, but it cannot effectively remove all toxic chemicals and other pollutants in water. 3) Ceramic filter element: The smallest filtration precision can reach 0.1 micron, which can be used for sterilization. But usually the flow is small and not easy to clean. 2. Ultrafiltration (UF): The filtration precision is 0.001-0.1 microns, which is one of the six major high-techs in the 21st century. It is a membrane separation technology using differential pressure, which can filter out harmful substances such as rust, sediment, suspended solids, colloids, bacteria, viruses, macromolecular organic matter in water, and retain some mineral elements that are beneficial to the human body. It is the core component in the production process of mineral water and mountain spring water. The recovery rate of water in the ultrafiltration process is as high as 95% or more. Moreover, flushing and back flushing can be easily realized, it is not easy to be blocked, and the service life is relatively long. Among them, ultrafiltration membranes with a filtration precision of 0.01 microns are widely used because of their better water yield and filtration effect. 3. Sodium filtration (NF): The filtration precision is between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, and the desalination rate is lower than that of reverse osmosis. It is also a membrane separation technology that requires electricity and pressure, and the recovery rate of water is low. Generally used for industrial pure water production. 4. Reverse osmosis (RO): The filtration precision can reach about 0.0001 microns. It is an ultra-high-precision membrane separation technology developed in the United States in the early 1960s using differential pressure. It can filter out almost all impurities (including harmful and beneficial) in water, and only allow water molecules to pass through. It is generally used in the manufacture of pure water, industrial ultrapure water, and medical ultrapure water. The reverse osmosis technology requires pressurization and electricity, and the utilization rate of water is low, which is not suitable for the purification of a large amount of drinking water. At present, the common water purifiers on the market are as follows: PP filter element water purifier: a single-cylinder water purifier with various PP filter elements inside. For preliminary filtration of water. Activated carbon filter: It can eliminate odor and chlorine in water, but cannot effectively remove toxic chemicals and other pollutants in water. Simple ultrafiltration water purifier: It can effectively remove harmful substances such as sediment, rust, suspended solids, colloids, bacteria, viruses, macromolecular organic matter in water, but cannot remove chlorine, heavy metal ions, different colors and odors in water. Reverse osmosis water purifier: completely removes beneficial and harmful substances in water, and produces softened desalinated water, but it does not meet the standard of healthy water. It needs to be pressurized and powered, the utilization rate of water is low (more waste water and less pure water), the purification cost is high, and the flow rate is small.
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